ABSTRACT
Objective@#To explore the knowledge and consumption of sugar sweetened beverage(SSB) and its influencing factors among third grade primary students, to provide basis for take targeted intervention measures.@*Methods@#In September 2019, 1 686 primary school students of grade 3 were randomly selected from 2 primary schools in 1 urban area and 1 outer suburb area of 12 districts in Nanjing by using a multistage cluster sampling method，and a self administered questionnaire were offered to them to collect the knowledge about sugar sweetened beverage and its intake.@*Results@#Totally 753 students (44.7%) answered 6 or more SSB knowledge questions correctly, and the rate of 389 students (50.2%) in urban areas was higher than that of 364 students (40.0%) in suburban areas. There were 780 (46.3%) students who knew that dairy containing beverage could not replace milk, the rate of 403 (52.0%) students in urban area was higher than that of 377 (41.4%) students in suburban area (χ 2=17.76, 18.99, P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the frequency of consumption of SSB <1 time per week, the behavioral risk factors of primary school students who drink SSB ≥4 times per week were:urban area (OR=1.55), low parents educational level (OR=2.44), and frequent storage of SSB at home (OR=1.62). The protective factors were as follows:duration of extracurricular physical activity <120 min/week (OR=0.68), video time <120 min/day (OR=0.50), awareness rate of SSB ≥60% (OR=0.75), and restriction of high sugar snacks by parents (OR=0.60).@*Conclusion@#The knowledge associated with SSB among third grade students in Nanjing is relatively low. Consumption of SSB has been influenced by areas, parents educational level, knowledge about SSB and family factors. SSB consumption among primary students should be interfered at the school and family level. The health food education need to carry out based on the school and family, so as to create a supportive atmosphere integrating the school family to drink less sugar beverages.
ABSTRACT
Objective To compare the short-term and long-term efficacy of minimally invasive surgery and medication for early primary frozen shoulder (PFS). Methods 82 patients with PFS from June 2014 to September 2015 were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into drug group and operation group, 41 cases in each. Patients in drug group were given steroid hormone intraarticular injection therapy while in operation group, patients were given arthroscopic clearance and release for glenohumeral joint and subacromial space. The baseline data, scores of visual analogue scale (VAS) and constant shoulder joint, active range of motion (ROM) of internal rotation, external rotation, abduction and flexion. Results There were no significant differences in baseline data, scores of VAS and constant shoulder joint, active range of motion (ROM) before treatment between the two groups (P > 0.05). Compared with them before treatment, the VAS scores of the two groups decreased significantly after treatment while constant shoulder score and active ROM increased significantly (P < 0.05). At 4 weeks after treatment, VAS scores in operation group was significantly higher than that in drug group, constant shoulder score and active ROM was significantly lower than that in drug group (P < 0.05). At 12 weeks, 6 months and 1 year after treatment, VASscore in the operation group was significantly lower than that in drug group, constant shoulder score and active ROM was significantly higher than that in drug group (P < 0.05). Conclusions Arthroscopic minimally invasive surgery and drug injection are all effective treatments for early PFS patients. The short-term efficacy of drug injection was significantly better, but the long-term effect was poor. Instead, the long-term effect of minimally invasive surgery was more prominent, and combined with oral drugs and postoperative rehabilitation could significantly improve shoulder joint function and the quality of life, which is worthy of promoting clinical application.
ABSTRACT
Objective To compare the short-term and long-term efficacy of minimally invasive surgery and medication for early primary frozen shoulder (PFS). Methods 82 patients with PFS from June 2014 to September 2015 were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into drug group and operation group, 41 cases in each. Patients in drug group were given steroid hormone intraarticular injection therapy while in operation group, patients were given arthroscopic clearance and release for glenohumeral joint and subacromial space. The baseline data, scores of visual analogue scale (VAS) and constant shoulder joint, active range of motion (ROM) of internal rotation, external rotation, abduction and flexion. Results There were no significant differences in baseline data, scores of VAS and constant shoulder joint, active range of motion (ROM) before treatment between the two groups (P > 0.05). Compared with them before treatment, the VAS scores of the two groups decreased significantly after treatment while constant shoulder score and active ROM increased significantly (P < 0.05). At 4 weeks after treatment, VAS scores in operation group was significantly higher than that in drug group, constant shoulder score and active ROM was significantly lower than that in drug group (P < 0.05). At 12 weeks, 6 months and 1 year after treatment, VASscore in the operation group was significantly lower than that in drug group, constant shoulder score and active ROM was significantly higher than that in drug group (P < 0.05). Conclusions Arthroscopic minimally invasive surgery and drug injection are all effective treatments for early PFS patients. The short-term efficacy of drug injection was significantly better, but the long-term effect was poor. Instead, the long-term effect of minimally invasive surgery was more prominent, and combined with oral drugs and postoperative rehabilitation could significantly improve shoulder joint function and the quality of life, which is worthy of promoting clinical application.
ABSTRACT
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multiple organ autoimmune disorder,including theliver,but the possible reason in impairment in the liver is still unclear.Our present study assessed alterations of transcription factor Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and several other immune molecules [programmed cell death 1 and its ligand (PD1 and PD-L1),and interleukin 10 (IL-10) and transform growth factor β (TGF-β)] in the liver and other major organs of lupus-prone BXSB mice by flow cytometry,real-time quantitative reverse trinscription PCR,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results showed that both frequency and number of Foxp3+ Tregs were dramatically reduced in the thymus,spleen and kidney of the BXSB mice (P＜0.05),but those in the liver were kept in nearly normal range,when compared to negative control C57BL/6 mice.In comparison to control mice,the mRNA levels of Foxp3,PD1 and PD-L1 were significantly decreased in the kidneys of BXSB mice (P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference in the livers of the BXSB mice (P＞0.05).Protein levels of IL-10 and TGF-β in serum showed no significant difference between BXSB and C57BL/6 mice,but were significantly increased in the kidneys and livers of BXSB mice as compared with those in C57BL/6 mice (P＜0.05).These results suggest that reduced Foxp3+ Tregs are involved in the pathogenesis of SLE in BXSB mice,and relatively higher number of these cells in the livers than in the other target organs could constitute a protective mechanism against hepatic lesions in lupus-prone mice,which may provide insights into development of new therapeutic approaches in SLE patients.